- Explain the
meaning of the following terms. Give examples where appropriate.
| a)
Habitat |
b)
Adaptations |
c)
Physical or Abiotic Factors |
d)
Biotic Factors |
| e)
Environment |
f)
Ecology |
g)
Limiting factor |
h)
humidity |
- Explain the
meaning of the terms nocturnal and diurnal. Explain why being
nocturnal can be an advantage to many of our marsupials. How might
nocturnal animals differ from diurnal animals?
- Write a word
equation for the process of photosynthesis. What substances in
a plant are necessary for photosynthesis?
- State four
main abiotic (physical) factors that affect the survival of living
organisms.
- State the
abiotic factors that affect the survival of mangrove plants.
- What special
adaptations do mangroves have to cope with (a) high salinity,
(b) reproduction (c) lack of oxygen in the soil?
- Identify
the following as either a biotic or an abiotic factor.
| a)
carbon dioxide |
b)
soil |
| c)
food |
d)
oxygen |
| e)
temperature |
e)
bacteria and fungi |
- Why is sunlight
so important to all organisms?
- What is the
limiting factor for plants in a rainforest? Outline some ways
in which plants have adapted to rainforest conditions.
- What are
the limiting factors in a desert environment?
- List some
adaptations of animals for survival in a semi--arid environment
– These should include behavioural as well as structural
adaptations.
- List some
adaptations of plants for survival in a semi--arid environment.
- Explain the
meaning of warm-blooded and cold-blooded.
- What are
the differences between temperature tolerance of warm-blooded
and cold-blooded animals? (Which group of animals are better able
to tolerate a wider range of temperature conditions?)
- List some
adaptations of warm-blooded animals for survival in very cold
regions.
- Name some
elements that are recycled. Explain why these elements need to
be recycled.
- Draw and
label the following.
| a.
carbon cycle |
b.
oxygen cycle |
| c.
nitrogen cycle. |
|
- Explain the
importance of plants called legumes to the nitrogen cycle.
- Explain why
some carnivorous plants such as the Venus fly trap need to trap
insects.
- Define the
following terms, giving an example where possible.
| a.
community |
b.
niche |
c.
producers |
| d.
consumers |
e.
herbivores |
f.
carnivores |
| g.
omnivores |
h.
scavengers |
i.
decomposers |
- Study the
following food web.
| a)
Give example of a 4 link chain. |
e)
Which organisms are tertiary consumers only? |
| b)
Give example of a 3 link chain. |
f)
Draw a food pyramid ending with a tertiary consumer. |
| c)
Which organisms are herbivores only |
g)
Suppose a severe drought caused the death of a large number
of water fleas and insect larvae. Predict what would happen
to the other organisms in the food web. |
| d)
Which organisms are both first and second order consumers?
What is another name for these consumers? |
h)
Identify an example of a predator and its prey. |
- What is another
name for fist order consumers? Carnivores are examples of first
second, third or higher order consumers?
- Read the
following information and draw a food web for the community. Crabs
feed on leaf litter in the mud under the mangrove trees while
mud whelks are seen browsing on algae. In the shallow salty water
prawns are also feeding on leaf litter and plankton. Small fish
feed on the prawns. Pelicans and egrets are observed eating the
small fish and crabs, while larger fish are eating the small fish.
- What is a
pyramid of numbers? Draw a pyramid of numbers for the above food
web using mangrove leaf litter, crabs and pelicans.
- State two
different types of competition that can occur in a community.
Which of these will involve the most competition? Why? Explain
the meaning of the following terms- a) resources (give examples)
b) niche.
- State two
ways in which competition between the same species is reduced.
Give an example of each.
- How is competition
between different species reduced? Give an example of this.
- What is meant
by the term 'predator-prey' relationship? Explain why such a relationship
is important in controlling population.
- Define the
term symbiosis. Give examples of symbiosis.
- Define cooperation,
commensalism, mutualism and parasitism and give examples of each.
- Explain,
using examples the difference between internal and external parasites.
What is meant by the term ‘host’ in this context?
- Rabbits have
bacteria living in their digestive system. These bacteria feed
on, and help break down, cellulose that makes up the walls of
plant cells. Rabbit have constant body temperature. How do a)
rabbits and b) bacteria benefit from this relationship? Can the
rabbit survive without the bacteria? What type of relationship
is this?
- Lichens look
like a single organism but in fact they are made up of two quite
different partners. One is a green alga and the other is a fungus.
The alga produces enough food and oxygen by photosynthesis for
both organisms, whilst the fungus obtains moisture for both and
provides a means of attachment. Neither could survive without
the other. What type of relationship is this?
- How are commensals
and parasites a) similar b) different
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